The emancipation of Jews in Europe changed their status and lives totally. Before it, they were non-citizens, invited to live in a certain town or kingdom at the behest of the local ruler, their status prone to change overnight, by the whim of a decree. To reside in a certain place, Jews had to be members of the local Jewish community, which had the power to cancel the residential status and had an independent legal system headed by the local rabbi.
Emancipation changed all that. Jews became ordinary citizens, subject to the secular legal systems of the lands they resided in. The membership in a Jewish community became a voluntary endeavor, and the rabbi had no legal jurisdiction over the Jews in his town.
However, as with everything good, this shift included some collateral damage. According to Jewish law, a woman can only get divorced from her husband by his full consent, although in certain cases, the rabbinical court has the right to require the husband to issue a bill of divorce. The problem is that, while rabbinical courts issued such decrees, there was no way to enforce them, since membership in the community was optional.