The late Rabbi Eliyahu Avichail was one of the persistent voices claiming that the Afghani warrior tribes of Afridi, Lohani, Jaj, and Rabani, are the heirs of the tribes of Ephraim, Levy, Gad, and Reuven, four of the Ten Tribes of Israel the Assyrian empire exiled in 722 BCE.
According to Rabbi David Pisanti, director of a research institute that was sponsored by the late Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz, 20 million or so Pashtuns (out of around 63 million – the last official census in Afghanistan was conducted in 1979 – DI) identify themselves as “Bnei Israel,” and are known as such by their Muslim neighbors.
Rabbi Avichail believed some of the Taliban came from the “Israelite” Pashtu and as such bore the spirit of the warlike tribe of Reuven.
Author Benzion Yehoshua, whose father came to Israel from Afghanistan, conducted historical, cultural, and social research on the Jewish communities in Iran and Afghanistan. He documented several traditions that are kept by the Pashtuns who claim they come from the exiled tribes of Israel:



