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From the Financial Times
As Iran’s state television blasted out victory anthems after announcing the deal with the US, a new narrative began taking shape in Tehran: the regime believes it has not only survived its greatest crisis in decades, but emerged stronger.
Within the highest ranks of the Islamic republic, nobody would deny Iran is nursing devastating losses. US and Israeli strikes destroyed crucial infrastructure, took the lives of about 3,500 civilians, and killed supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei and several senior military commanders.
But regime insiders, Iranian analysts and western diplomats in Tehran agree on one thing: the war failed to bring the radical transformation sought by Iran’s enemies. In fact, the regime, which at the start of the year appeared to be at its most vulnerable, seems more confident than before the war began in February.
“The US made a big mistake. It awakened the sleeping dragon,” said a regime insider. “We paid a huge price, but we activated capacities that we had previously hesitated to use.”
Years of economic hardship, public discontent and the deadly unrest of January had convinced many, both inside and outside Iran, that the 47-year-old theocracy would struggle to survive a full-scale confrontation involving the US and Israel. Two years of regional conflict had dealt devastating blows to Tehran and its proxies.
Now, it has managed its leadership transition and taken charge of a priceless geopolitical weapon that it previously hesitated to deploy: asserting control over the narrow waterway through which one-fifth of global oil and gas passed before the war.
It has also struck energy infrastructure and riled Washington’s allies in the Gulf, while the US and Israel have failed to convince Iranians to rise up against the regime.
“The war fitted perfectly into their ideology and what they had been preparing for over decades,” said a senior western diplomat in Tehran. “It strengthened them.”
The grip over the Strait of Hormuz has become a point of pride. Tasnim, a news agency closely aligned with the Revolutionary Guards, proclaimed: “From now on, no player can define the security order in west Asia without taking Iran’s role and power into account.”
The deal announced on Sunday extended an April ceasefire with the US for 60 days, allowing for the gradual reopening of the strait and the lifting of the US naval blockade on Iran’s shipping. The agreement envisages negotiations over Iran’s nuclear programme in exchange for a phased easing of sanctions, dependent on progress and a final deal.
But diplomats caution that some of the most contentious issues remain unresolved.
Before the war, some western officials believed Iran might ultimately agree to transfer its stockpile of highly enriched uranium — close to weapons-grade — abroad. That option now appears politically impossible in Tehran, analysts say, given how much the postwar mindset has changed.
The deal instead would commit Iran to dilution of all its enriched material at a minimum under the supervision of the International Atomic Energy Agency.
Some in the Iranian establishment are more reluctant to declare outright victory given the negotiating challenges ahead, noting that everything agreed in the framework deal on Sunday is reversible.
“Victory is when our achievements are converted into lasting gains,” said the regime insider. “Victory is when Iran’s right to enrich uranium is recognized, our enriched uranium remains inside the country and the US role in the region shrinks to zero.”
Perhaps the most significant outcome of the conflict, at least at home, was the demonstration of institutional resilience. The death of Khamenei, who had towered over the republic for 37 years, did not trigger paralysis as some had feared within the regime.
His son, Ayatollah Mojtaba Khamenei, succeeded him in a wartime transition that actually minimised the factionalism that might have erupted in a time of peace. For years, opposition activists had denounced the prospect of hereditary succession.
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